Orthopedics deals with the medical conditions related to the musculoskeletal system, which includes muscles, bones, joints, ligaments, and tendons. Orthopedists treat orthopedic disorders such as sports injuries, joint discomfort, and back pain with surgical and nonsurgical treatments.

Orthopedists are classified into two types: surgical and non-surgical. Surgical orthopedists are orthopedic surgeons. Nonsurgical orthopedists include physical therapy and rehabilitation specialists. Orthopedists treat a wide range of musculoskeletal problems. These disorders can occur at birth or as a result of an injury or age-related wear and tear.
The orthopedist will try to diagnose the person's problem during the first appointment. This can involve performing a physical exam and taking X-rays. To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may do in-office diagnostics or order extra tests in specific cases.

1. Fracture Repair Surgery

To restore the natural anatomy of a more badly shattered bone, an orthopedic surgeon may advise fracture repair surgery. They can use various types of implants to support the bone. 
It is typical for a person to lose muscular range of motion and strength in the affected area following fracture repair surgery. The doctor will, however, recommend particular exercises to restore normal muscular strength, joint mobility, and flexibility.

2. Bone Grafting Surgery

When a person's body is unable to produce enough new bone, orthopedists may conduct bone grafting to boost bone regeneration. Grafting can also be used to relieve chronic pain by fusing two adjacent bones. There are various approaches available, such as allograft, autograft, and synthetic bone grafts.
An orthopedic surgeon takes bone from a person's body or a donor in bone grafting surgery to repair and restore damaged or broken bones. When real bone grafts are unavailable, they may also utilize synthetic bone replacement and biological components.
The graft material integrates with adjacent bone tissue over time. This procedure can take a few weeks or even a year. Your recovery time is based on the size and placement of the bone graft. Other aspects include your age and general health.

3. Arthroscopic Surgery

Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive method that diagnoses joint issues via an arthroscope. An arthroscope is a lengthy, thin camera the size of a buttonhole that an orthopedic surgeon inserts into a joint, most often the knee or shoulder. 
By making tiny additional incisions, the surgeon can then utilize multiple small, thin devices to repair multiple issues. The most prevalent type of orthopedic surgery is arthroscopic knee surgery.

4. Knee Replacement Surgery

Knee replacement, commonly known as a total knee replacement is a surgical procedure used to reconstruct an arthritis-damaged knee. Metal and plastic components, as well as the kneecap, are used to cap the bones at the ends that comprise the knee joint. Someone with degenerative arthritis or a severe knee injury may require this procedure.
The knee joint can be affected by: 
•    Rheumatoid arthritis can cause discomfort and stiffness 
•    Traumatic arthritis, or arthritis triggered by an injury
•    Traumatic arthritis, or arthritis due to an injury 
The purpose of knee replacement surgery is to repair damaged areas of the knee joint and reduce knee discomfort that cannot be controlled with conventional treatments.

5. Hip Replacement Surgery

A surgeon removes the damaged portions of the hip joint and substitutes them with parts made of metal, ceramic, or very hard plastic during hip replacement. This artificial joint (prosthesis) aids in the reduction of pain and improvement of mobility.
Hip replacement surgery, also known as total hip arthroplasty, may be an option if hip discomfort interferes with everyday activities and conventional treatments haven't improved or are no longer beneficial. The most prevalent reason for a hip replacement is arthritis degeneration. Individuals who benefit from hip replacement surgery frequently have:
•    Hip pain that restricts daily tasks such as walking or bending
•    Hip pain that remains while resting, whether during the day or at night
•    Hip stiffness that affects the ability to walk or lift the leg
•    Insufficient pain alleviation with anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, or mobility aids

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