Weight-loss surgeries, often known as bariatric surgery, involve making modifications to your digestive tract in order to help you lose some weight. When diet and exercise fail or you are facing serious health problems as a result of your weight, bariatric surgery is done. Some treatments restrict the quantity of food you can consume. Other treatments reduce the body's ability to absorb nutrients. Some techniques provide both functions.

While bariatric surgery has many advantages, all types of weight-loss surgery are major procedures with serious risks and adverse effects. In addition, to assist assure the long-term effectiveness of bariatric surgery, you must make significant healthy modifications to your diet and engage in regular exercise.

1. Gastric Bypass

Gastric bypass surgery is done in three steps.  First, the surgeon will staple your stomach, creating a little pouch in the top section. The surgeon will then divide your small intestine into two halves and join the lower portion straight to the tiny stomach pouch. 
Food will bypass most of your stomach and the top part of your small intestine, resulting in fewer calories being absorbed by your body. The upper half of the small intestine is then connected to a new site on the lower portion of the small intestine by the surgeon.
This allows digestive fluids in the stomach to move from the upper small intestine to the lower small intestine, allowing food to be properly digested. The bypass alters hormones, bacteria, and other gastrointestinal chemicals, which may affect hunger and metabolism. Gastric bypass surgery is hard to reverse, but if medically required, a surgeon may do it.

2. Liposuction

Liposuction can remove fat from specific areas of the body.  Liposuction is also used to contour (form) these parts. 
Liposuction is not commonly seen as a weight-loss method or an alternative to weight-loss surgery. If you're overweight, you're more likely to lose weight with diet and exercise or bariatric operations like gastric bypass surgery than by liposuction. If you have excess body fat in specific areas but otherwise maintain constant body weight, you may be a candidate for liposuction.
Liposuction is sometimes done to reduce breast size or treat gynecomastia. Liposuction, in turn, reduces the number of fat cells in a specific location. The amount of fat eliminated is determined by the shape of the area as well as the amount of fat.
The contour modifications that result are often permanent – as long as your body weight stays constant. Following liposuction, the skin conforms to the changed contour of the treated areas. Smooth skin is more prevalent if you have good skin tone and elasticity. However, if your skin is thin and lacks elasticity, the skin in the treated regions may appear loose.

3. Gastric Sleeve

A surgeon will remove most of your stomach in gastric sleeve surgery, also known as vertical sleeve gastrectomy, leaving only a banana-shaped segment secured with staples. Because the procedure lowers the quantity of food that can go into your stomach, you will feel full faster. Having a portion of your stomach removed may also have an effect on hormones or microorganisms in the intestinal mucosa that impact appetite and digestion.

4. Adjustable Gastric Band

The surgeon will put a ring with an inner elastic band all around the top of the stomach to form a small pouch. The gastric band causes you to feel full when only a little amount of food is consumed. A round balloon filled with saline solution is enclosed within the inner band. 
The surgeon can adjust the inner band to expand the path from the pouch to the remaining of your stomach by injecting or withdrawing saline solution through a small device called a port that is implanted beneath your skin. Following surgery, you may need many follow-up sessions to adjust the size of the band's opening.If the band creates complications or is not assisting you in losing sufficient weight, the doctor may remove it.

5. Biliopancreatic Diversion With Duodenal Switch

A biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch, sometimes known as "mixed surgery," involves two different procedures. The first procedure is similar to gastric sleeve operation. In a subsequent surgery, the small intestine is separated into two tracts. Food travels through a single tract, bypassing the bulk of the small intestine. This decreases the number of calories and nutrients absorbed.
 
Digestive juices move from the stomach to the other intestinal tract, where they combine with foods as it enters the colon. When compared to the other procedures described above, this sort of surgery allows you to shed more weight. However, it is also the most likely to result in surgical complications and a lack of vitamins, minerals, and proteins in your body. As a result of these factors, surgeons rarely do this operation. 

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